G.R. No. L-109937, 21 March 1994, 231 SCRA 370

FACTS:

Juan B. Dans, together with his wife Candida, his son and daughter-in-law, applied for a loan of P500,000.00 with the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP), Basilan Branch. As the principal mortgagor, Dans, then 76 years of age, was advised by DBP to obtain a mortgage redemption insurance (MRI) with the DBP Mortgage Redemption Insurance Pool (DBP MRI Pool).

A loan, in the reduced amount of P300,000.00, was approved by DBP on August 4, 1987 and released on August 11, 1987. From the proceeds of the loan, DBP deducted the amount of P1,476.00 as payment for the MRI premium. On August 15, 1987, Dans accomplished and submitted the “MRI Application for Insurance” and the “Health Statement for DBP MRI Pool.”

On August 20, 1987, the MRI premium of Dans, less the DBP service fee of 10 percent, was credited by DBP to the savings account of the DBP MRI Pool. Accordingly, the DBP MRI Pool was advised of the credit.

On September 3, 1987, Dans died of cardiac arrest. The DBP, upon notice, relayed this information to the DBP MRI Pool. On September 23, 1987, the DBP MRI Pool notified DBP that Dans was not eligible for MRI coverage, being over the acceptance age limit of 60 years at the time of application.

On October 21, 1987, DBP apprised Candida Dans of the disapproval of her late husband’s MRI application. The DBP offered to refund the premium of P1,476.00 which the deceased had paid, but Candida Dans refused to accept the same, demanding payment of the face value of the MRI or an amount equivalent to the loan. She, likewise, refused to accept an ex gratia settlement of P30,000.00, which the DBP later offered.

On February 10, 1989, respondent Estate, through Candida Dans as administratrix, filed a complaint with the Regional Trial Court, Branch I, Basilan, against DBP and the insurance pool for “Collection of Sum of Money with Damages.” Respondent Estate alleged that Dans became insured by the DBP MRI Pool when DBP, with full knowledge of Dans’ age at the time of application, required him to apply for MRI, and later collected the insurance premium thereon.

RULING:

It was DBP, as a matter of policy and practice, that required Dans, the borrower, to secure MRI coverage. Instead of allowing Dans to look for his own insurance carrier or some other form of insurance policy, DBP compelled him to apply with the DBP MRI Pool for MRI coverage. When Dan’s loan was released on August 11, 1987, DBP already deducted from the proceeds thereof the MRI premium. Four days later, DBP made Dans fill up and sign his application for MRI, as well as his health statement. The DBP later submitted both the application form and health statement to the DBP MRI Pool at the DBP Main Building, Makati Metro Manila. As service fee, DBP deducted 10 percent of the premium collected by it from Dans.

In dealing with Dans, DBP was wearing two legal hats: the first as a lender, and the second as an insurance agent.

As an insurance agent, DBP made Dans go through the motion of applying for said insurance, thereby leading him and his family to believe that they had already fulfilled all the requirements for the MRI and that the issuance of their policy was forthcoming. Apparently, DBP had full knowledge that Dan’s application was never going to be approved. The maximum age for MRI acceptance is 60 years as clearly and specifically provided in Article 1 of the Group Mortgage Redemption Insurance Policy signed in 1984 by all the insurance companies concerned (Exh. “1-Pool”).

Under Article 1987 of the Civil Code of the Philippines, “the agent who acts as such is not personally liable to the party with whom he contracts, unless he expressly binds himself or exceeds the limits of his authority without giving such party sufficient notice of his powers.”
The DBP is not authorized to accept applications for MRI when its clients are more than 60 years of age (Exh. “1-Pool”). Knowing all the while that Dans was ineligible for MRI coverage because of his advanced age, DBP exceeded the scope of its authority when it accepted Dan’s application for MRI by collecting the insurance premium, and deducting its agent’s commission and service fee.

The liability of an agent who exceeds the scope of his authority depends upon whether the third person is aware of the limits of the agent’s powers. There is no showing that Dans knew of the limitation on DBP’s authority to solicit applications for MRI. If the third person dealing with an agent is unaware of the limits of the authority conferred by the principal on the agent and he (third person) has been deceived by the non-disclosure thereof by the agent, then the latter is liable for damages to him.

*Case digest by Terence Eyre B. Belangoy, LLB-4 (Refresher), Andres Bonifacio College School of Law, SY 2018-2019